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Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII ((ラテン語:Clemens VII); 26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534), born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was Pope from 19 November 1523 to his death in 1534.〔( "List of Popes," ) ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (2009); retrieved 2011-11-16.〕
==Early life==
He was born in Florence one month after the assassination of his father, Giuliano de' Medici, following the Pazzi Conspiracy.〔("Pope Clement VII," ) ''Catholic Encyclopedia''; retrieved 2013-10-21.〕 Although his parents had not had a formal marriage, a canon law loophole allowing for the parents to have been betrothed ラテン語:''per sponsalia de presenti'' meant that Giulio was considered legitimate. He was thus the nephew of Lorenzo the Magnificent, who educated him in his youth. Clement's mother, Fioretta Gorini, also died leaving him an orphan.
Giulio was made a Knight of Rhodes and Grand Prior of Capua, and, upon the election of his cousin Giovanni de' Medici to the pontificate as Leo X (1513–21), he soon became a powerful figure in Rome. Upon his cousin's accession to the papacy, Giulio became his principal minister and confidant, especially in the maintenance of the Medici interest at Florence as archbishop of that city.
On 23 September 1513, he was made cardinal.〔Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. (1837). ( "Clement VII," ) ''Penny cyclopaedia,'' Vol. 7, p. 250.〕 He had the credit of being the main director of papal policy during the whole of Leo X's pontificate, especially as cardinal protector of England. Between 1521 and 1522 he was Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Worcester.
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